An Integrated Approach to Developing Self-Adaptive Software in Open Environments

One of the main challenges of developing self-adaptive systems in open environments comes from uncertain self-adaptation requirements due to the unpredictability of environment changes and its co-existence with well-defined self-adaptation requirements in self-adaptive systems. This paper presents an integrated approach that combines off-line and on-line self-adaptation together in a unified technical framework to support the development and running of such system. We take self-adaptive system as multi-agent organization and propose a novel dynamic binding self-adaptation mechanism inspired from organization metaphors to specify and analyse self-adaptation. A description language SADL is designed to program well-defined self-adaptation logic at design-time and implement off-line self-adaptation. In order to deal with uncertain self-adaptation, a reinforcement learning method is incorporated with the dynamic binding mechanism, which enables software agents to make decisions on self-adaptation at run-time and implement on-line self-adaptation. Our approach provides a unified framework to accommodate off-line and on-line approaches and a general-purpose methodology to develop complex self-adaptive systems in a systematic way. A supported platform called SADE+ is developed and a case is studied to illustrate the proposed approach.